Next Step Find out how the Mini Mental Status Exam (MMSE) works After the initial screening, more testing would be needed. They also can’t be used to distinguish between conditions.įor example, you couldn’t use either test to diagnose someone with Alzheimer’s disease versus frontotemporal dementia. They’re both initial screening tests that are used to determine whether further cognitive testing is needed. Traumatic brain injury (often from falls)Įven though these are good screening tools for cognitive impairments, neither test was designed to diagnose cognitive conditions.The MoCA has also been shown to be a better screening tool for conditions like: So, if a doctor sees a patient who is questioning their mental functioning, they might give the MoCA test.īut if a patient comes in and is clearly cognitively impaired, a very sensitive test wouldn’t be as necessary since the issues are more obvious. The MoCA is generally better at detecting mild impairment and early Alzheimer’s disease because it’s a more sensitive test and is more challenging. The MoCA looks similar to the MMSE, but the MoCA tests a variety of different cognitive functions and the MMSE focuses mostly on memory and recall. Executive functions – ability to manage cognitive processes.Ability to process and understand visual information about where objects are.The MoCA usually tests these cognitive areas: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a one page, 30 point test that takes about 10 minutes. But Sha says that's a 10-minute screening test designed to flag major deficits, not an in-depth look at cognitive function.How the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) works Assessing a presidentĭuring his presidency, Donald Trump said that he "aced" a test called the Montreal Cognitive Assessment or MoCA. A retired professor, for example, may do well on cognitive tests despite a significant mental decline. It's also critical to measure a person's current cognitive performance against their performance earlier in life, Sha says. "We ask about depression and anxiety, we ask about medication." "We often ask about sleep because that can impair memory," Sha says. Part of the process of diagnosing a brain problem is ruling out other factors. "Some people are reading too much into little snippets of interviews without really knowing what's going on behind the scenes," he says. An estimated 40% of people between 80 and 85 have either dementia, which makes independent living difficult, or what's known as mild cognitive impairment.īut diagnosing those conditions requires more than an hour of testing and a thorough history of someone's life, Tan says, not just watching a few seconds of a press conference. "Trying to remember that name of the restaurant that they were in last week or the name of the person that they met for coffee, that is not in itself a sign of dementia," Tan says, "but it's a sign of cognitive aging." A glitch or a problem?Īlzheimer's and other forms of dementia become more common with each passing decade. But in many older people, the brain's ability to quickly retrieve that information becomes less reliable. "As we age, that might diminish to something like six digits, but not zero."Ī healthy brain typically retains its ability to learn and store information. But it's less likely to make a difference to someone who is doing "an executive-level job, where there is a lot of support and a lot more time to do planning and decision making."Īnother cognitive change associated with age involves working memory, which allows us to keep in mind a password or phone number for a few seconds or minutes.Ī typical person in their 20s might be able to reliably hold seven digits in working memory, Sha says. That may be a problem for a race car driver or an airline pilot, Tan says. Slower processing means a person may take longer to respond to a question or make a decision. One reason for the decline is a decrease in the speed at which the brain processes information. "Even the so-called successful agers, if you measure their cognitive performance, you will see certain changes compared to their baseline," Tan says. But all brains lose a step or two with age. Sharon Sha, a clinical professor of neurology at Stanford University.Ĭognitive changes are often associated with diseases like Alzheimer's and other forms of dementia. The temporary inability to remember names, in particular, "is very common as we get older," says Dr. Also, memory lapses become more common with age, even in people whose brains are perfectly healthy.
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